Device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems

ABSTRACT

A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems, including a horizontal T-shaped body having a radial conduit which can be connected to a connecting collar or seat of the pipe to be bypassed and a radial conduit with a mouth for extracting fluid from the bypass. The device includes an inverted cup-shaped cutter with an overdimensioned tooth crown and, on the rear part thereof, a stepped extension with two threaded areas. One of the threaded areas is attached to the upper neck of the radial conduit and is closed with a cover and gaskets. The device further includes an actuation means which can be positioned on the neck and which is equipped with a feed screw and a shaft which can be connected to the end threaded area of the cutter by means of a male connector and a nut. The actuation means also includes a lateral valve which connects the outside with the inside of the radial conduit and the bypassed pipe by means of a chamber inside said actuation means and which can be used to inject an inert gas, check the sealing and purge the bypassed pipe.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present patent application has as an object the registration of adevice for producing bypasses in fluid piping systems constituted ofpipes such as those used for the supply of fluids, for example water orgas, and incorporating remarkable innovations and advantages compared tothe current devices and apparatuses for an equal or similar purpose.

More specifically, the new invention comprises a T-shape bypass whichcan be coupled to the distribution pipe by means of a suitable seat orcollar. Said T-shape has a cutter in the radial conduit for theperforation of the pipe and means for its actuation and removal in aleak-tight manner, and the fluid extraction outlet of the bypassedconduit being joined to said radial conduit. The cutter comprises meansfor holding an external tool for its handling. Said tool furthermoreenables checking the leak-tightness of the bypass and the extraction ofthe internal air with an inert gas, useful in the case of gas conveyingconduit bypasses. Furthermore, the device and the trepanning toolcomprise a series of elements favoring the increase of the safety of thedevice and facilitating the work of the operator by preventing falsepressure measurements by means of a fluid or air exhaust conduit whenthe cutter is not in its corresponding place.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, there are a wide variety of bypass devices available on themarket for carrying out an extraction of a piping which is subjected topressure and in service. For example, the use of these devices by waterand gas supply companies is common, since it enables carrying out systembypasses or the connection of the pipe of a new client to the generaldistribution pipe which is usually in service and which cannot cease tobe used for the distribution of the fluid. Some of these devicesgenerally comprise a collar for coupling to the pipe and the specificT-shaped bypass thereon. Said collar is joined to the pipe by means of amechanical joint, whether it is by directly screwing, by welding on itssurface or gluing. The T-shaped bypasses, also joined by mechanicalmeans, gluing, welding or integrally manufactured, are arranged on saidseats.

Said T-shaped bypasses are constituted of a main conduit having internalthreading along its entire length. A cutting tool, such as a drill bit,cutter or the like having a matching helical thread in its outline iscoupled in said thread, such that it can move longitudinally in thethreaded inside of the conduit by means of an external wrench. When thiscutting tool reaches the lower portion of the conduit, it makes contactwith the surface of the pipe to then perforate it due to its progressivefeed. Once the hole is made, the bypass is sealed at its upper portionto prevent leaks existing between the cutter and the conduit. In currentT-shaped bypass systems, leaks of fluid to the outside during thedrilling process cannot be prevented, nor can pressure be checked, norinert gas injected, necessary in gas installations to evacuate the airfrom inside the new conduits. Due to the constructive methods used, thecurrent T-shaped bypasses have a size limit.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systemsobject of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises ameans of carrying out the hole with complete safety, conserving the disccut by the cutter, along with the shaving produced, in a safe manneroutside of the fluid flow. It furthermore comprises improvedleak-tightness means and systems for carrying out the leak-tight testand replacement of the air with an inert fluid in situ.

In fact, the device comprises a general external structure of aformation similar to a conventional bypass apparatus, with the mainconduit arranged in a notably radial manner with connection through theseat and the side extraction conduit to connect the device with thefluid outlet conduit forming said T-shape.

The new invention comprises a cutter in the radial conduit or mainconduit for the perforation of the pipe to be bypassed. The cuttergenerally has the shape of an inverted cup with a lower toothed crownand threading at its upper portion of a different diameter. The radialconduit has a threaded neck at its upper portion where the cutter isfixed in its attached position. On its outer profile, this neck hasanother thread for fixing an external cover with a gasket and for thecoupling of the perforation tool.

In an embodiment example, in the upper portion of the cutter there is athreaded extension, of a diameter which is less than the thread forfixing to the neck, which inside has a hollowing out for the coupling ofthe perforation tool, such as a hexagonal cavity or the like. The feedshaft of the tool is held in this extension by means of a correspondingmale connector and a threaded securing nut.

Another safer example has also been provided in which the joiningbetween the cutter and the screw shaft can be by means of a pintraversing the head of the cutter and the coupled shaft. In fact, thecutter can comprise a cylindrical or tapered male connector which can becoupled to a conjugated mouth at the lower end of the shaft and therebeing in both a transverse perforation in which said pin can be housed.Should the user forget to place the pin, the screw shaft does nottransmit any force to the cutter and the latter cannot be extracted fromthe threaded area of the bypass, something which would be possible witha coupling by means of a hexagonal head. To prevent the pin from beingable to come out of its housing during the work, said pin is partiallythreaded, being coupled to the mouth of the end of the shaft.

The teeth of the crown internally have internal screw threads securingthe disc to the cutter once the hole is made. The pitch of these screwthreads is the same as the pitch of the feed of the perforation tool.Shavings of the material of the perforated pipe are produced with theperforation, which, for example, if it is a plastic pipe, are redirectedto the inner portion of the cutter behind the disc, so that they areconfined and do not pass to the circulating flow where they could causejams and breakdowns. Said shavings are directed by the teeth of thecutter, which have a lead surface beveled toward the inside, causing thesought after effect. Furthermore, the teeth are externallyoverdimensioned with regard to the body of the cutter for the purpose ofpreventing frictions between the cutter and pipe during the perforation.

Said design of the teeth enables the disc to be firmly retained insidethe cutter, whereby it is possible to carry out large sized holeswithout the disc or the remains produced being able to cause problems bybeing released and falling into the conduit.

In order to more safely retain the extracted disc of the pipe, it hasbeen provided that the cavities between teeth of the cutter are as smallas possible, thus hindering the falling of the shaving. Furthermore, thescrew threads of the teeth can be shifted toward the hollow inside ofthe cutter, being interrupted by empty spaces. The disc cut from thepipe, usually of a synthetic material, expands and is better fixed andsecured.

In an alternative embodiment, the cutter can have its lower portiontapered, such that it can act as a bypass valve. In fact, if desired,the cutter can have in its upper portion, opposite to the crown, atapered flaring of a diameter exceeding the diameter of the perforatedhole, such that when it is fed through the tool against the pipe, itplugs said hole. This flaring is arranged in a position below the twoupper threads so that it does not interfere with them. The cuttertherefore has a utility after having made the hole in the pipe,complementing the needs existing in any bypass.

The perforation tool comprises a tubular body which can be coupled onthe neck of the radial or main conduit of the device which, at its upperportion, has a screw with movement of an internal shaft, which can becoupled to the upper portion of the cutter. In a first means of joiningthe cutter to the shaft, the latter has a male connector at its endcorresponding with the previously mentioned hexagonal hole and asecuring nut with a threaded outline of the extension of the cutter.Close to the male connector, the shaft has a retention ring forretaining the nut. This ring prevents the securing nut from becominglost and from being able to assemble the perforation tool without fixingthe shaft to the cutter. The outer body has a lower mouth through wherethe shaft with the attaching male connector is arranged in a projectingmanner. In the inner outline of said mouth, there is a screw threadwhich can be coupled to the outside of the neck of the radial conduit.This mouth is extended in the rear portion in a space connecting withthe inside of the radial conduit when the cutter is shifted toward itsinterior. This chamber is in turn connected with the outside by means ofat least one bypass valve. Said valve serves to carry out the leak-tighttest of the installation once the bypass is connected and before makingthe hole in the pipe. Furthermore, purging of the installation can becarried out through this valve if needed.

The valve can have quick connectors which are standard and very easy touse.

The tool can optionally have two valves. It is thus possible to performsaid pressure test more easily than with common tools of the operator,given that the verification pressure gauge can be connected in one ofthe valves and the pressure source in the other one.

The body of the perforation tool has a screw at the upper portion forthe shifting of the shaft. Said shaft is introduced axially in a slidingmanner inside the screw, such that it can take on different shiftingratios, therefore the screw may be shorter than the longitudinalshifting of the shaft defined between the position of the cutter coupledto the upper neck of the radial conduit and the cutter in theperforation position, said shifting being carried out simply by pushingor pulling of the shaft. Furthermore, the sliding shaft enables theradial conduit to have a great length if considered appropriate. Thejoining between the shaft and the screw is carried out by means of a pininserted in a transverse-housing existing in the upper portion of thescrew. The shaft has a series of transverse holes which can be facingwith this housing, allowing for the entry of the pin and their mutualinterlocking, whereby the assembly is joined together for its handling.In order to prevent that said pin does not come out or become lost, ithas a retention ring at the end opposite to the projection of the screw.Furthermore, said ring enables the pin to be able to act as a quickactuation lever when the hole of the shaft in which it is going to beinterlocked is sought. The shaft of the perforation tool has a couplingfor a standard wrench or the like at its upper end for rotation thereof.The screw has a circular groove close to the end of its trajectory forthe purpose of warning the operator of the proximity of the end of thethread.

To make the bypass hole and after having joined the seat of the deviceto the pipe, the shaft of the tool is joined to the upper portion of thecutter. Then the body is screwed on the neck of the radial conduit ofthe device, sealing the assembly. By turning the shaft, the cutter isunscrewed from its inner seat in the neck and advances toward the pipe.This shifting of the cutter between the upper neck and its contact withthe lower pipe occurs in an easy manner, by simply pushing the shaft, asneither its screwing nor establishment of contact whatsoever with thewalls of the radial conduit are necessary.

When the cutter comes into contact with the pipe, the screw is screwedon until reaching a position enabling the introduction of the pin,maintaining the maximum “L” stroke possible. Once the pin is introducedin one of the holes of the shaft which enable the joining of said shaftand the screw, the shaft is rotated so that the teeth of the cutter borethrough the surface of the pipe, until separating the perforated disc,the hole thereby being made. Next, the screw is unscrewed until it comesout of the thread and the shaft of the tool is stretched to a maximum,until the cutter reaches the neck and is actuated in the reversedirection until the cutter is completely screwed in the inner seat ofthe neck, again providing a leak-tight closure of this end of thedevice. The outer body is unscrewed and the shaft is released from itshousing in the head of the cutter. The neck is ready for the closure ofthe device by means of a cover with its corresponding gasket. Should thedevice be affected by vibrations, an anti-release nut can be placed,coupled with the upper thread of the extension of the cutter andsupported on the upper surface of the neck of the radial conduit,covered by the cover.

As discussed, the cutter can comprise a set of cylindrical orfrustoconical male connectors and mouths interlocked by means of a pin,threaded elements being dispensed with.

Furthermore, this coupling system enables the cutter to be secured atthe upper portion of the neck of the bypass in a very simple manner whenthe tasks have concluded, since using a pin with an elastic ring, a clipor the like is enough to prevent the cutter from falling inside thebypass.

In view of preventing possible errors when carrying out the pressuretest, it has been provided that the shaft has a longitudinal channel orgroove affecting it in the area of the gasket and the bearing. Thisgroove connects the inner chamber of the tool with the outside throughthe housing of the screw. When the cutter advances outside of thethreaded area of the bypass, the shaft is completely leak-tight with thepreviously mentioned gasket, enabling carrying out the pressure test.However, if the cutter is not lowered in its correct position, butrather is coupled at the threaded area of the bypass acting as a plug,the pressurization gas or fluid exits through the space left by saidgroove to the outside, warning the operator of the error and preventingthe false measurement.

Considering that the new invention is especially indicated for producingbypasses in service pipes, subjected to high internal pressure withregard to the outside, said internal pressure of the pipe to be bypassedcan push the assembly of the cutter and the shaft when the hole has beenmade. Said outward extension is usually slow and progressive during theunscrewing of the screw and when this comes out of the thread, as it isaccompanied by the hand of the operator. However, due to an incorrecthandling, and due to the effect of the pressure difference between theinside of the pipe and the portion behind the cutter, the shaft can beexpelled at a remarkable speed with the risk of causing lesions in theoperator if he is in the lift path of the shaft. It has been providedthat the body of the tool has an arch or protection covering the entireextension of the shaft, such that it makes it impossible for theoperator to put his face or any other part of his body in the path ofextension of the shaft, enabling the operator to be able to operate withthe wrench for handling thereof.

Another way to prevent said risk consists of compensating the pressuredifference existing between the pipe to be bypassed and the body of thebypass when said pipe is being perforated and the disc has still notbeen released. Thus, when the disc has been completely separated, sincethere is no pressure difference between the portion in front of and theportion behind the cutter or cutting tool, there is no force whatsoeverlifting the shaft. Said compensation is carried out through holesexisting in the outline of the cutter or cutting tool, arranged suchthat the shaving cannot exit, but the pressure of the fluid of the pipewhich is filtered through the teeth and the disc can pass to theT-shaped bypass.

However, in a preferred use of the device, the upper closure of theradial conduit is carried out by means of a threaded cover, enablingaccess to the cutter at any time a posteriori, it has been provided thatsaid closure and sealing can also be more definitive if more works arenot going to be carried out. In fact, a cover can be arranged on theneck of the radial conduit which is fitted and covered by a sleeveencircling its outline and the extension of the radial conduit, bothbeing suitable for their joining together by gluing, heat fusion in thecase of plastic, welding or others.

The device of the new invention enables carrying out all the operationswithout there being leaks to the outside, preventing possible risks andenabling working with pipes subjected to higher pressures than inalternative bypass devices.

However, another measure proposed in this invention is that the bypasshas a longitudinal groove in its threaded coupling for the outer closurecover which affects said thread, such that in the event of an accidentalleak, the screwing and unscrewing operation of said cover is possiblefor the operator, given that the fluid accumulated in the space betweenthe cutter and under the cover is evacuated with ease during thecoupling and/or uncoupling of said cover. However, if the cover iscompletely screwed on, the gasket sealings prevent the leak fromcontinuing, blocking the unwanted outflow.

To complete the description which will be made below and for the purposeof aiding to better understand its features, a set of illustrative andnon-limiting figures is attached to the present specification in whichthe most significant details of the invention are depicted.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a cut-away view of the T-shaped bypass of the device withthe cutter at its upper portion and closed with a cover.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed cut-away view of the coupling of the perforationtool to the neck of the radial conduit and to the cutter.

FIG. 3 shows a cut-away view of the entire device with the cutterintroduced in the radial conduit.

FIG. 4 shows a cut-away view of the boring of the pipe.

FIG. 5 shows a detailed cut-away view of the cutter coupled to the neckof the radial conduit with the disc collected.

FIG. 6 shows a detailed cut-away view of the cutter against the pipe inthe manner of a flow plug.

FIG. 7 shows a detailed cut-away view of the cutter with a coupledanti-release thread.

FIG. 8 shows a variant of the T-shaped bypass body constituted of aconventional T-shape and the coupling neck of the cutter welded orglued.

FIG. 9 shows a variant of the T-shaped bypass body constituted of aT-shape with female branches, connected to male conduits of the seat onthe pipe and of the upper neck receiving the cutter.

FIG. 10 shows a variant of the T-shaped bypass body constituted of aT-shape of one-piece manufacture, incorporating the cutter, the neck andthe cover.

FIG. 11 shows a variant of the device with the T-shaped bypass body andthe seat being one-piece and ready for use thereof, incorporating thecutter, the neck and cover.

FIG. 12 shows a variant of the device with the T-shaped bypass bodywhich can be coupled to a pre-existing seat by means of a male connectorconnected to the female connector of said seat.

FIG. 13 shows a variant of the device with the T-shaped bypass bodywhich can be coupled to a pre-existing seat by means of a double femalesleeve connected to the male ends of the seat and of the bypass.

FIG. 14 shows a detailed cut-away view of the cutter with an upperclosure by means of a heat-welded cover and sleeve assembly.

FIG. 15 shows a view of the upper portion of the tool with theprotective arch around the extended shaft.

FIG. 16 shows a cut-away view of a cutter or cutting tool with thepressure compensation windows.

FIG. 17 shows a view of the device in the case of a false pressure testcoupled to the neck of the bypass and the fluid exhaust conduitconnected to the outside and which enables detecting this situation.

FIG. 18 shows an exploded view of an alternative for coupling the end ofthe perforation shaft with the male connector or head of the cutter.

FIG. 19 shows a detailed cut-away view of a cutter alternative depictedin the previous figure held to the neck of the bypass with ananti-release pin.

FIG. 20 shows a partially cut-away view of the perforation tool with twovalves, there being a pressure gauge coupled in one of said valves and aconduit of a pressurization device, compressor, or the like, in theother valve.

FIG. 21 shows an elevational view of the neck of the bypass with adepressurization groove in the thread for coupling the cover.

FIG. 22 shows a plan view of the neck of the bypass with adepressurization groove in the thread for coupling the cover.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In view of the indicated figures and according to the adopted numbering,a preferred although not limiting embodiment of the invention can beobserved therein, which invention consists of a device comprising aT-shape body with a radial conduit (1), having a lower mouth (6) and atransverse conduit in its mid portion with a bypass mouth (7), the lowermouth (6) of the radial conduit (1) being coupled to a seat or collarjoining it to the pipe (27) to be bypassed. The radial conduit (1) has aneck (8) at its upper end for attaching a cutter (3), said neck (8)having an internal threaded area (10) for fixing said cutter (3) and anexternal threaded area (9) for the coupling of a cover (2) or of aperforation tool. In an embodiment alternative, this threaded area (9)is affected with a longitudinal connection groove (58).

The cutter (3) comprises a body in the shape of an inverted cup with atoothed crown (11) at its lower mouth, said teeth (11) beingoverdimensioned with regard to the cylindrical outline (13) of thecutter (3). Said teeth (11) in turn have screw threads (12) on theirinner side for retaining the cut disc (52) and the shavings (29)produced during the perforation of the pipe (27).

In a first embodiment, the upper portion of the cutter (3) is providedwith a stepped extension, having a lower cylindrical body with athreaded area (33) corresponding with the thread (10) existing in theinner outline of the neck (8) and a gasket (4). Said extension has asecond threaded area (32) at its end portion of a smaller diameter, andthere existing a hole (51) at its upper base for receiving a prismaticmale connector (15) or the like of the shaft (22).

In a second embodiment, the cutter (3) is provided at its upper portionwith a stepped extension, having a lower cylindrical body with athreaded area (33) coinciding with the thread (10) existing in the inneroutline of the neck (8) and a gasket (4). Said extension has acylindrical or tapered male connector (61) of a smaller diameter at itsend portion, and there being a transverse housing of a pin (62).

In one alternative, the cutter (3) has a space (59) between teeth (11)or a cavity for the passage of the small-sized shaving. In turn, saidteeth (11) have screw threads (12) on their inner side for retaining thesectioned disc (52) and the shavings (29) produced during theperforation of the pipe (27).

In another embodiment alternative, there exist overdimensioned threadedprojections (60) in the inner outline of the cup of the cutter (3) withthreads (12) interrupted by hollowed-out spaces without screw threads.

The upper portion of the surrounding outline of the body of the cutter(3) can have a flared tapering (30) of an increasing nature, itsdiameter being greater than the outer outline (13) of the cutter and thediameter of the toothed crown (11).

Coupled on the outer outline of the neck (8) there exists a cover (2)with the threaded inner outline corresponding to the thread (9) of theneck and a gasket (5).

A perforation tool can be coupled on said neck (8), said toolconstituted of a tubular body (17) having a threaded mouth (53) at itslower portion which can be coupled to the previously mentioned neck (8),in its threaded area (9), when the cover (2) is not coupled. This body(17) has an inner chamber (26) connecting with the radial conduit (1)through the hole of the neck (8) and in turn at least one valve (18and/or 63) connecting with the outside. A threaded screw (21) is locatedat the upper portion of the body (17). This screw (21) houses therein alongitudinal shaft (22), preferably cylindrical, having a male connector(15) at its lower end which can be coupled to the upper hole (51) of thecutter (3), and a threaded nut (16) or bushing which can be coupled tothe threaded outline (32) of the cutter (3). The shaft (22) has aretention washer (23) in a position behind said nut (16). The screw (21)has a threading (14) in its outline for introducing in the body (17) ofthe tool, of a length L which is greater than the advancing shiftingneeded by the cutter (3) when perforating the pipe (27), there being inthis thread (14) a circular groove (14-a) next to its lower end forwarning that it is the end of the thread. Said thread (14) of the screw(21) has the same pitch as the screw threads (12) of the teeth (11).

To couple the shaft (22) to a cutter provided with a coupling maleconnector (61), it has a mouth (64) at its lower end conjugated withsaid male connector (61) of the cutter (3) and with the correspondingholes (62) for introducing the securing means by screwing or the like.

The body (17) of the perforation tool has a gasket (19) and a bearing(20) rotating around the shaft (22) between the inner chamber (26) andthe upper screw (21). The shaft (22) has a groove (67) of the shank in aposition behind the lower end and operatively coinciding with the gasket(19) and with the bearing (20) when the shaft (22) is coupled to thecutter (3) arranged in the upper neck (8).

The screw (21) has a pin (24) at its upper portion which interlocks withthe shaft (22) in collaboration with transverse holes (28) existing onsaid shaft (22). Said pin (24) has an elastic anti-extraction ring (25)at one end for the screw (21). Said shaft (22) has a prismatic head orthe like at its upper end for being gripped by a rotating wrench.

The cutter (3) coupled to the neck (8) in an idle position can beretained by an anti-release nut (31) joined with the threaded outline(32) and supported on the upper edge of said neck (8) under the cover(2).

In one alternative, the cutter (3) coupled to the neck (8) in an idlecondition can be secured by an anti-release pin (65) with an elasticretention ring, clip or the like housed in the transverse hole of themale connector (61) of the cutter (3), under the cover (2).

In one closure alternative, there is a cover (55) fitted on the neck (8)having a cylindrical sleeve (54) around its outline covering it, and isextended on the radial conduit (1), suitable for their joining by heatfusion, gluing, welding or another more or less permanent joining means.

In an embodiment alternative, the perforation tool comprises a U-shapedsafety arch (36) on the upper portion of its body (17), extended alength that is equal to or greater than the length of the shaft (22) inits maximum extension outside of said body (17) of the tool. Said arch(56) has its two arms arranged on both sides of the shaft (22).

In an embodiment alternative of the cutter (13), it comprises a seriesof windows (57) or through openings in the outline (13) connecting theinside of the cup of the cutter (3) with the outside.

In an embodiment alternative, the valves (18 and 63) have standard quickconnectors (66).

In an embodiment alternative, the body of the T-shaped bypass isconstituted of a conventional T-shape (34) with male ends having a neck(36) connected with the cutter (3) and the cover (2) at its open end(35) of the radial conduit by means of welding or gluing.

In another alternative embodiment, the body of the T-shaped bypass isconstituted of a T-shape with female ends (37) and a male bypass conduit(38) to which the neck (39) and the seat (40) or base which can becoupled to the pipe are joined by welding or gluing.

In another alternative embodiment, the body of the T-shaped bypass isconstituted of a T-shape (41) manufactured in one piece for theapplication,from the beginning, incorporating the neck (42).

In another alternative embodiment, the body of the T-shaped bypass isconstituted of a T-shape (43) manufactured in one piece for theapplication, from the beginning, incorporating the neck (42) and thebase (45) for coupling to the pipe (27) to be bypassed.

In another alternative embodiment, the body of the T-shaped bypass isjoined by means of its male end (47) to the female mouth (46) existingin the seating collar on the pipe (27) to be bypassed.

In another alternative embodiment, the body of the T-shaped bypass isjoined by means of its male end (49) to a sleeve (50), which is in turnjoined to the male mouth (48) existing in the seating collar on the pipe(27) to be bypassed.

1. A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid pipingsystems, of the type constituted of a horizontal T-shaped body with acentral radial conduit (1) which can be coupled at its lower mouth (6)to a seat or collar for joining with the pipe (27) to be bypassed, and aside conduit with a mouth (7) for extracting the fluid from the bypass,the radial conduit (1) having a detachable access cover (2) at its upperportion, characterized in that it comprises a perforation cutter (3), inthe form of an inverted cup having, at its portion opposite to thetoothed crown (11), a coaxial cylindrical extension with a stepping intwo consecutive threaded areas (32 and 33) of a decreasing diameter, onethreaded area (33) being suitable for the coupling of the cutter with athreaded area (10) existing in the upper portion of the radial conduit;and in that said extension of the cutter (3) has a hole (51) at itsupper base connected to a feed tool, co-aided by the threaded area (32);and in that it comprises a tool for the handling and feed of the cutter(3), constituted of a body (17) which can be coupled to the upperportion of the radial conduit (1) with a shaft (22) which can bedetached through a screw (21) operatively suitable for the extraction ofthe cutter (33) from the threaded area of its seat in the upper portionand for the perforation of the pipe (27) to be bypassed.
 2. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 1, characterized in that the boring teeth (11) existing in thelower crown of the cutter (3) form a boring diameter of greaterdimensions than the cylindrical outline (13) of the cutter (3).
 3. Adevice for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systemsaccording to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at the upperportion of the radial conduit (1) a neck (8) or coupling with an innerthreaded area (10) for coupling of the cutter (3) and an outer threadedarea (9) for coupling of a cover (2) or a perforation tool.
 4. A devicefor producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems accordingto claim 3, characterized in that the outer threaded area (9) of theneck (8) has a gasket (5) with a cover (2) or with the perforation toolat its base.
 5. A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluidpiping systems according to claim 4, characterized in that theperforation tool comprises a tubular body (17) which can be coupled tothe outer thread (9) of the neck (8) by means of a mouth (53) and whichhas a longitudinally movable shaft (22) connected to a threaded screw(21), one end of this shaft (22) being connected in a detachable mannerto the upper portion of the cutter (3) and the other end suitable forthe coupling of a tool or rotating wrench.
 6. A device for producingbypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 5,characterized in that the shaft (22) comprises a male connector (15)with a nut (16) for coupling to the upper end of the cutter (3); and inthat said male connector (15) comprises a shape according to the hole(51) or cavity existing in the upper portion of the cutter (3); and inthat the nut (16) is suitable for its coupling with the threaded area(32) for fixing thereof; and in that the shaft (22) comprises aretention washer (23) for retaining said nut (16) preventing anincorrect assembly of the shaft with the cutter.
 7. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 5, characterized in that the body (17) of the tool has an innerchamber (26) after the mouth (53) connecting with the conduit (1)through the hole of the neck (8); and in that it has a valve (18)connecting said inner chamber (26) with the outside.
 8. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 6, characterized in that it comprises a threaded screw (21) at theupper portion of the body (17), with a hollow core, wherein thelongitudinally sliding shaft (22) is located; and in that said screw(21) comprises a thread (14) of a length L greater than the advancingshifting needed by the cutter (3) when it perforates the pipe (27); andin that it comprises a pin (24) housed in the upper portion of the screw(21) and can be positioned in a series of transverse holes (28) of theshaft (22) for joining them by interlinking; and in that the pin (24)has a retention ring (25) at one end.
 9. A device for producing bypassesunder pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 7,characterized in that the body (17) has a bearing (20) and a gasket (19)around the shaft (22), both arranged between the inner chamber (26) andthe upper screw (21).
 10. A device for producing bypasses under pressurein fluid piping systems according to claim 8, characterized in that thescrew (21) comprises a circular groove (14-a) close to the lower end ofthe thread (14) to warn of the end of the thread.
 11. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 8, characterized in that the teeth (11) of the cutter (3) havescrew threads (12) on their inner outline which are suitable for firmlyholding the perforated disc (52) and shavings (29); and in that saidscrew threads (12) are of the same pitch as the threaded area (14) ofthe screw (21).
 12. A device for producing bypasses under pressure influid piping systems according to claim 2, characterized in that in anembodiment alternative, the cutter (3) has a flared tapering (30) of anincreasing nature and a larger diameter than the outer outline (13) ofthe cutter and the diameter of said toothed crown (11) operativelysuitable for plugging the opening made in pipe (27) and carrying out thefunction of interrupting the fluid.
 13. A device for producing bypassesunder pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 1,characterized in that threaded area (32) has a notably different pitchthan threaded area (33).
 14. A device for producing bypasses underpressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 3, characterized inthat the threaded area (33) of the cutter has a groove next to its basein which there exists a gasket (4) compressible with the neck (8) whensaid cutter (3) is in idle position coupled to it.
 15. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 3, characterized in that it comprises an anti-release nut (31)which can be coupled to the threaded area (32) of the cutter andsupported on the mouth of the neck (8) of the conduit (1), which can becovered with the cover (2).
 16. A device for producing bypasses underpressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 3, characterized inthat in an alternative embodiment, it comprises a cover (55) fitted onthe neck (8), there being around it a cylindrical sleeve (54) encirclingit, said sleeve being extended on the radial conduit (1), suitable fortheir joining by heat fusion, gluing, welding or any other permanent orsemi-permanent means.
 17. A device for producing bypasses under pressurein fluid piping systems according to claim 5, characterized in that itcomprises a protective arch (56) on the body (17) of the tool,projecting from the shaft (22) outside of said body (17); and in thatthe arch (56) has a U shape and its length is equal to or greater thanthe length of the shaft (22) in maximum extension of the body (17); andin that the arch (56) is arranged on either side of the trajectory ofsaid shaft (22).
 18. A device for producing bypasses under pressure influid piping systems according to claim 1, characterized in that itcomprises a series of windows (57) or through holes in the body of thecutter (1) or cutting tool, operatively suitable for connecting saidpipe and the space behind the radial conduit (1) and the bypass ingeneral during the perforation of the inside of the pipe (27); and inthat said windows (57) are preferably arranged in the surroundingoutline (13) of the cutter (3).
 19. A device for producing bypassesunder pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 5,characterized in that there is a cylindrical or tapered male connector(61) on said extension (33) of the cutter (3) at its upper portionconnected to a mouth (64) of the shaft (22) of the perforation toolconnected by means of a pin (62), clip or the like.
 20. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 5, characterized in that the body (17) of the perforation tool hastwo valves (18 and 62) for coupling the pressurization mechanism andtesting the bypass and a gas gauge for verification in an independentmanner.
 21. A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluidpiping systems according to claim 19, characterized in that the pin (62)connected to the male connector (61) and the mouth (64) of the shaft(22) comprises a thread or locking means.
 22. A device for producingbypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 5,characterized in that the shaft (22) comprises in its shank a groove(67) or connection close to the mouth (64), between the chamber (26) andthe outside, bridging the gasket (19) and the bearing (20) through thecavity of the screw (21) when said shaft (22) is coupled to the cutter(3) arranged on the neck (8) operatively suitable for preventing a falsemeasurement of the bypass leak-tightness due to the plugging effect ofsaid cutter (3) warning the operator of the outlet of pressurizationfluid through said groove (67) and the cavity of the screw (21).
 23. Adevice for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systemsaccording to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter (3) comprisesoverdimensioned threaded projections (60) at its inner outline andbehind the teeth (11), with the screw threads (12) being interrupted byspaces without screw threads.
 24. A device for producing bypasses underpressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 1, characterized inthat the teeth (11) existing in the outline of the cutter (3) areseparated by small spaces (59).
 25. A device for producing bypassesunder pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 3,characterized in that the thread (9) of the neck (8) has a longitudinalgroove (58) operatively suitable for preventing pressurization of thechamber formed between the cover (2) and the neck (8) due to a residualleak.
 26. A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid pipingsystems according to claim 19, characterized in that it comprises alocking and anti-release pin (65) with an elastic retention ring, clipor the like, housed in the transverse hole of the male connector (61) ofthe cutter (3), under the cover (2).
 27. A device for producing bypassesunder pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 19,characterized in that in an embodiment alternative, it comprises aretention clip, catch or the like housed in the transverse hole of themale connector (61) of the cutter (3), under the cover (2).
 28. A devicefor producing bypasses a under pressure in fluid piping systemsaccording to claim 1, characterized in that in an embodimentalternative, the body of the T-shaped bypass is constituted of aconventional T-shape (34) with male ends having a neck (36) connectedwith the cutter (3) and the cover (2) at the open end (35) of the radialconduit by means of welding, gluing or the like.
 29. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 1, characterized in that in an embodiment alternative, the body ofthe T-shaped bypass is constituted of a T-shape with female ends (37)and a male bypass conduit (38), to which the neck (39) and the seat (40)or base which can be coupled to the pipe are joined by welding orgluing.
 30. A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluidpiping systems according to claim 1, characterized in that in anembodiment alternative, the body of the T-shaped bypass is constitutedof a T-shape (41) manufactured in one piece for the application, whichfrom the beginning, incorporates the neck (42).
 31. A device forproducing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according toclaim 1, characterized in that in an embodiment alternative, the body ofthe T-shaped bypass is constituted of a T-shape (43) manufactured in onepiece for the application, which incorporates the neck (44) and the base(45), from the beginning, to couple to the pipe (27) to be bypassed. 32.A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systemsaccording to claim 1, characterized in that in an embodimentalternative, the lower male mouth (47) of the T-shape is welded or gluedto a collar with a female mouth (48).
 33. A device for producingbypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems according to claim 1,characterized in that in an embodiment alternative, the lower male mouth(47) of the T-shape is connected to the collar (48) by means of weldingor gluing or by means of an intermediate sleeve (50).